醫學教育部
醫用英語 / 16.小兒科
【狀況一】Situation 1
I am going to take the baby’s temperature rectally. Could you please take off the baby’s diaper?
我要幫小朋友量肛溫，麻煩媽媽幫我把小朋友的尿布脫下來。
Your child has a slight fever. Give her/him this medicine as prescribed.
小朋友有點發燒，醫生開的藥回去要按時給小朋友服用。
Remember to give your child more fluids at home. Don’t dress him/her too warmly and don’t cover him/her under heavy covers. Also, keep the indoor air circulating.
回去後記得給小朋友多吃流質的飲食，記得不要給小朋友穿太多的衣服，也不要蓋太厚的被子，並且保持室內空氣流通。
Bathe your child and change his/her clothes every day. Also, keep quiet when your baby is taking a rest. Limit his/her activities if necessary.
每天要幫小朋友洗澡更衣，保持身體清潔與舒適，另外，要盡量保持安靜，讓小朋友有充份的休息，必要時可限制小孩的活動。
Bringing down your child’s temperature takes several days. Please take his/her temperature every four hours at home. If his/her axillary (armpit) temperature is over 37.5 degrees centigrade, lie him/her down on an ice pillow. Do not give the child oral antipyretic until his/her temperature is above 38.5 degrees centigrade. Give him/her a suppository if above 39 degrees centigrade.
小朋友的發燒需數日才能完全消退，請回家後每4小時測量一次體溫，若腋溫在37．5℃以上就給小朋友使用冰枕，若在38．5℃以上才給小朋友吃口服退燒藥，若39℃以上的話就要幫小朋友塞肛門塞劑了。
If the child has convulsions, feels drowsy or lethargic, vomits seriously, or has cyanosis, take him/her to the emergency room immediately.
如果小朋友發燒時，有抽筋昏睡、活力變差、厲害嘔吐或發紺情形，要即刻送回醫院診治。
【狀況二】Situation 2
When your baby has diarrhea, you have to observe and keep record of the stool, like how many times your baby has bowel movements a day, the volume of stool each time, and the color thereof. The best thing is to take the baby’s last stool with you when you take him/her to the doctor.
當寶寶有腹瀉的情形時，要觀察及記錄大便性質：如大便次數、大便量、顏色等，最好能帶最後一次的大便，供醫師參考。
You could make the formula lighter. If necessary, you can use the non-lactose formula to avoid dyspepsia.
寶寶的牛奶，可將配方奶泡淡一些（如1/2濃度）。必要時，可改用不含乳糖的嬰兒配方奶，以避免吸收不良。
When your baby gets a more severe diarrhea, don’t feed him/her anything for four hours to let his/her gastrointestinal tract rest.
如果寶寶腹瀉比較嚴重時，可以暫停進食4小時，讓腸胃道休息。
Even if the baby can’t eat anything for a while, you still have to take care of his/her oral hygiene. Dip a cotton swab in lukewarm boiled water to clean the mouth cavity and moisten his/her lips.
寶寶雖然暫時不能吃東西，但還是要注意他的口腔衛生，用棉花棒沾開水將口腔內擦乾淨或潤濕嘴唇。
Clean the baby’s buttocks after each bowel movement. Dip cotton swabs in lukewarm water and clean his/her buttocks gently. Keep his/her buttocks dry to prevent diaper rash. If your baby already has diaper rash, apply prescriptive ointment when the skin is dry.
寶寶大便後要維持臀部清潔，可用棉花沾溫水輕擦洗，並保持乾燥，避免寶寶得到紅臀。如果已有紅臀，皮膚乾後再用醫師開的藥膏，幫寶寶擦藥。
Keep quiet when your baby is resting and let him/her get enough rest and sleep to increase his/her immunity.
儘量保持安靜的環境，讓寶寶能充分休息和睡眠，增加抵抗力。
【狀況三】Situation 3
It’s not easy for babies to cough up sputum, so you should thump lightly on his/her back to help him/her get it out.
寶寶比較不容易自己咳痰，所以要請家長幫寶寶拍背，好讓痰較容易排出。
To do this, form your palm in a cup. Lie the baby down on his/her back and keep the head upward. Then, lightly thump the right and left sides of the chest down from the shoulder. Then, turn the baby face down and, while still keeping the head upward, and thump the right and left sides of the back down from the shoulder.
先讓寶寶仰躺頭高，由肩部往下拍前胸左右側，之後再將寶寶臉朝下頭高，由肩部往下拍後背的左右側。
Afterwards, turn the baby face up and keep the head downward. Thump the chest from the ribs to the shoulder. Then, turn the baby on one side and lift his/her arm. Thump the baby’s body from the waist to the armpit. Lastly, turn him/her face down and keep the head downward. Thump the right and left sides of the back from the waist to the shoulder.
再來將寶寶的臉朝上頭低，由肋骨往肩部拍前胸，再讓寶寶側躺手臂提起，由腰往腋下拍擊，最後則是臉朝下頭低，由腰往肩部拍後背左右側。
Take off your watch and other jewelry, and make sure your nails are short to prevent your baby from getting hurt while thumping his/her back. Also, don’t do this directly after meals. Do it before meals, or wait at least one hour after meals to keep your baby from vomiting.
你們在幫寶寶拍背時避免戴手錶、手鏈或留指甲，以免造成傷害，還有要避免在吃飽後做，最好在飯前或吃飽後一小時做以免嘔吐。
Avoid thumping close to the important organs or areas where you can seeskeletal structure, such as the spine, the center of the chest, and the abdomen. Do these spots lightly with your fingers instead.
如果遇到重要器官或骨頭明顯突出的地方，如：脊椎、前胸中央及肚子則應避免拍擊，無法用手拍擊的小地方應改用手指拍擊。
【狀況四】Situation 4
Remember to take your baby for his/her vaccine shots.
要記得帶寶寶回來打預防針哦！
There are three shots for the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine [DPT vaccine] and are given with two month intervals. The Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) must be taken three times with two month intervals. After one year, your child should get a booster shot. Before he/she goes to school, he/she should get another booster shot.
白喉、百日咳、破傷風三合一疫苗，是每兩月一針，共三針，小兒麻痺疫苗，每兩月口服一次，共三次。隔一年後，加強一次，入學前再加強一次。
The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine could be given on the second day after birth.
卡介苗，於出生後第二天就可接種。
The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines [MMR vaccine] should be given when your child is one year old.
麻疹疫苗、德國麻疹疫苗及腮腺炎疫苗，則是在滿一歲時各注射一次。
The meningococcal vaccine should be given when your child is one year old. Give the meningococcal vaccine two times in the first year. Let him/her get the second shot two weeks after the first shot. Then, let him/her get the booster shot every May or June.
腦炎疫苗，滿一歲時可以開始接種，第一年共注射二次。第一與第二次隔二星期；以後每年五、六月間加強一次。
You can look up all the necessary information in the Newborn Nursing Guide. Please come and get the vaccination on schedule.
寶寶健康手冊上面都有寫，請記得要按時回來打預防針哦！